A Taste of the Baltics

Just a reminder that there's life on fstopbentley.blogspot.com, where I've posted a mess of photos from my August trip to Latvia and Lithuania. Not all are as typically Eff-Stoppish as these but I am inordinately fond of patina and crusty walls, as you know.

Kaunas: Floodwater meter

Riga

Behind the Riga Market

Tukums house

Tukums shed door

Daugavpils

Vilnius: Nazi/KGB dungeon wall with frame

Vilnius

Sepia Saturday: Finding Lost Treasure Pt. 4

Continuing with excerpts from my great-grandfather David Blumenfeld's diary, which I discovered two years ago.

We join David's family as they continue their cross-country wandering as the patriarch Ben-Zion tries to find success in supporting his family of six...

The pogrom

Economic conditions after the pogroms of 1881 went from bad to worse for Ben-Zion Blumenfeld. The new police restriction on the people from different provinces...became effective through the Ignatiev May Laws of 1882 imposed by Czar Alexander III.... Under such restrictions Ben-Zion had to move back to [the province of] Courland, in Latvia, with his family....

He began making every possible effort to raise enough money for transportation to Riga. His eldest son, David, who was working at tailoring, got a job in Libau.


In the meantime Ben-Zion corresponded with some friends in America. They had left [David's birthplace] Tukums, Latvia, for America two years before and were in Michigan. They advised Ben-Zion to come there, saying “America is the land which the gods have built, a continent of glory, filled with untold treasure and here is ample opportunity for you as well.” ...It came about that in April 1883, Ben-Zion packed his satchel with his little earthly treasures, including a new blue velvet talis sack, wherein he kept his prayer shawl, tefillin, skullcap and prayerbook, and he departed for America with high hopes...

Talis bag

Tefillin (on the man's forehead)

Before one could emigrate from Russia many painful and costly formalities had to be observed. A passport obtained through the governor was speeded on its way by sundry tips. It was an expensive document without which no Russian could leave the town.

David's diary does not describe how Ben-Zion gets to America, including the transoceanic trip, but one can imagine the sordid conditions.


On arriving in Ludington, Michigan, his friend Jacob Bloomstock backed Ben-Zion financially for a stock of Yankee notions and tinware, and he blossomed out as a merchant, peddling among the sparsely settled villages, as was the custom of most of the newcomers in those days.

Back in Latvia, the rest of the family waited news of his success...

Jewish peddler in Michigan

To be continued...

And find more fascinating posts at Sepia Saturday blog

Some of these photos were borrowed from the following sites:

http://dancutlermedicalart.com/AlbertEinstein'sZionism/02Einstein'sZionism1879-1899.htm

http://www.latvians.com/en/Reading/RigaNatlEncy/riga1897.php

http://wilnoworcester.blogspot.com/2009_09_01_archive.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talis_bag

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tefillin

Sepia Saturday: Finding Lost Treasure Pt. 2

My great-grandfather David was up early every morning to write, continuing for hours in the back room of the menswear store he owned. The diary I discovered never mentions his working on eight novels, four novellas, and 900 pages of rhyming couplets based on the Bible.

The two volumes of the Diary

David's “real life” as a writer seemed to be disrupted by the day-to-day business of actually living, though ironically this was what he documented in hindsight in the Diary. The inner drive of a Wallace Stevens or William Carlos Williams, both professional men as well as poets, was present in David but he did not have their education, their facility with English, nor their abundant income as insurance executive and doctor. But David did do wonders, considering his hardships of birth and later circumstance.

First page of the diary;David describes his mother Leah (using the alias Lenetta)
as she was around 1865 (approx. 16 years old!)

"Lenetta" (aka his mother Leah) could have been sitting in the house on the left

“They represented a conglomeration of races, Mongolian, Kirghiz, Kalmuk, Tartar, German and Russian from many far-off provinces, most of them hardly understanding one another, for all were unfamiliar with any language except their mother tongue. ...Many of the poor recruits did not understand their officers’ commands. The corporal would hit some poor boy under the chin hard enough to make his teeth rattle. Those military officers were steeped in brutality, and always grumbled about their work, uttering vulgar names especially to the small Jewish boys, 'cantonists,' whom they were trying to convert to Christianity by forced orders from the Czar."

Cantonists

The Czar; frontispiece of the Diary

“…During the previous four years Russia had fought a losing war in the Crimea and paid heavily and dearly in gold and lives. Thousands upon thousands, especially Jewish soldiers, passed through those portals from which there was no return, for they, above all others, were recruited for the firing line."

Lenetta laments, “…. My sole provider, my husband dear Ben-Zion, was snatched away by the ‘catchers’ on that fatal night, pressing him into the army for 25 years. The ‘catchers’ said he will only be there until we can procure a substitute. God only knows when I will be able to buy one. My father Yanke Hennes is rich, but oh God, so miserly! He says everything must be for the Ben Yochid, his only son. My dear husband Ben-Zion may be sent far away. I may never hear from him again.”

"Yanke Hennes of Tukums was one of the most prominent and outstanding citizens. He enjoyed the reputation of being a good man, for his sterling qualities of character and honesty, strict religious life and prompt observance of all Jewish traditions captured the respect and administration of all. He owned a large number of houses on the market row front where he had a large corner store, where he conducted a large business in shoemaker’s, harness-maker’s and cobbler’s leather supplies. ... He rose punctiliously every morning at 6 a.m., going to the early service in the synagogue where he was quite a pillar. After prayer service he always devoted half an hour to his reading of the Talmud, coming home by 8 a.m., eating his frugal breakfast and going to his daily business. He was blessed with four rosy-cheeked daughters and one baby boy, to his great delight. Yanke Hennes was very reactionary and set in his ways. He held to the ancient rabbinical injunction, 'the one that teaches his daughters the Torah is like teaching her unworthiness.' He did not believe in any book learning whatsoever for girls.

"...[He] decided that Lenetta should open a bakery to support herself and her child. He owned a cottage at the rear of his house. It was called the Herberig [sic]. It contained two large rooms. In one there was a classroom, for he had a special private teacher for his dear son Ben Yochid, for higher Talmudic training. In the other room he fitted up a bakery with all the utensils needed. Poor Lenetta slaved long and hard kneading large trays of dough, making all sorts of bread and selling it every morning.

The square today

"At the time when Ben-Zion was forcibly made to enter the army, he was sent away into Chersonky (Kherson) Gubermin, in the southern Ukraine. Being very religiously disposed, he would not eat the regular army mess, for it was not kosher. It was his lot to be apprenticed in the army tinsmith shop as a helper. He was not inclined to adopt himself to conditions. He was given the hardest work, which his frail strength could hardly endure, but his hope, soon to be discharged, to go home and embrace his dear Lenetta and his baby boy, whom he had never seen, gave him strength and courage to endure all punishments."

Kherson town square, late 18th century

To be continued...

And find more fascinating posts at Sepia Saturday blog

Some of these photos were borrowed from the following sites:
http://www.milechai.com/jewishbooks/cantonist_review.html
http://www.abcgallery.com/A/alekseev/alekseev1.html